BUTLER TWP. -- The rebs walked behind the grandstands just before 11 a.m.
The three boys from South Eastern Kentucky slipped on the mud, rifles over their shoulders, as families waited in line for their seats high over the battlefield.
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It costs $1,500 to $2,300 to authentically fight, dress and camp as if it's July 1863 and you're an infantryman in the Federal or Confederate army.
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(Editor's note: The following is adapted from remarks at a panel discussion last week at the York County Heritage Trust on the topic of the Confederate occupation of York in 1863.
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Should York's leaders have surrendered to the invading Confederates in late June 1863? That decision in the days before the Battle of Gettysburg became controversial the moment it was made, and the debate continues to this day.
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Considerations behind Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's campaign into Pennsylvania in the summer of 1863 include:
· His troops could live off the rich farmland in the North, not further taxing Virginia's resources during harvest time.
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The farmhouse sits not high on a hill but low in a hollow. Farmers built many 19th-century houses in York County that way - short on view but close to water sources and shielded from the wind.
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Overnight at Metzel's Hotel near the courthouse, Confederate Gen. Jubal Early must have mulled methods to extract the $70,000-plus demanded from York residents.
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It was 10 a.m. Sunday. Church bells beckoned York residents to worship, and townspeople, dressed in their best, were ready to respond. But the bells could not muffle a cry spreading from the town's west end toward its east.
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Get a quick history lesson before the next anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg. Our poster page details troop movements and describes the life of an enlisted soldier on the battlefield. See More
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About the book
East of Gettysburg by James McClure takes a look at events in York County during the Civil War. It is available at Borders Books & Music in Springettsbury Township.
About the author
James McClure, author of East of Gettysburg, earned a master s degree in American Studies from Penn State Harrisburg. His research at Penn State focused on York County journalism history.
He is the author of Never to be Forgotten,Nine Months in York Town and
Almost Forgotten.
Pro & Con
James McClure, author of East of Gettysburg, examines this question: Should York s leaders have surrendered to the invading Confederates in late June 1863? That decision in the days before the Battle of Gettysburg became controversial the moment it was made, and the debate continues to this day. Framing the debate: Surrender or not?
About the exhibit
The permanent exhibit, "The Civil War Comes to York County," is open to the public at the York County Heritage Trust's Historical Society Museum, 250 E. Market St., York. You can also view the
online Civil War Comes to York County presentation.
